Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Tin–Iron–Carbon Nanocomposite as the Anode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Tin–iron–carbon nanocomposite is successfully prepared by a sol–gel method followed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process with acetylene gas as the carbon source. The structural properties, morphology, and electrochemical performances of the nanocomposite are comprehensively studied in comparison with those properties of tin–carbon and iron–carbon nanocomposites. Sheet‐like carbon architecture and different carbon contents are induced thanks to the catalytic effect of iron during CVD. Among three nanocomposites, tin–iron–carbon demonstrates the highest reversible capacity of 800 mA h g^?1 with 96.9 % capacity retention after 50 cycles. It also exhibits the best rate capability with a discharge capacity of 420 mA h g^?1 at a current density of 1000 mA g^?1. This enhanced performance is strongly related to the carbon morphology and content, which can not only accommodate the large volume change, but also improve the electronic conductivity of the nanocomposite. Hence, the tin–iron–carbon nanocomposite is expected to be a promising anode for lithium‐ion batteries.     

高温水解-离子色谱法测定钴酸锂中氯

使用高温水解-离子色谱法对钴酸锂中痕量的氯进行分析测定。样品在1 100℃高温下通入氧气与水蒸气进行水解反应,生成氯化氢气体随载气带出,经冷凝后接收,并通过离子色谱法对氯的含量进行测定。以NaHCO3(4.5mmol/L)与Na2CO3(2.7mmol/L)的混合溶液为淋洗液,经SH-AG-1保护柱及SH-AC-1分离柱分离,Cl-在0.05~5.00mg/L范围内浓度与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S)为0.010mg/L。方法测定氯的加标回收率在92%~96%,相对标准偏差(n=11)在3.0%~5.3%,方法准确、可靠。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定离子吸附型稀土矿中的浸出稀土元素

对浙江某地大量的离子吸附型稀土样品进行了稀土元素(Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)的浸提和测定实验,实验对比了氯化铵和硫酸铵溶液对矿石中稀土元素的浸出性能,选择了杂质浸出较少的硫酸铵溶液作为浸出剂,对不同稀土含量的吸附型稀土矿进行了实验,浸出方法稳定,符合工业开采要求。实验了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定浸出液中稀土元素分量的方法,浸出液经大比例稀释并酸化后测定,精密度较好,能满足离子吸附型稀土矿评价的质量要求,方法检出限(6σ)0.005~0.26μg/g,单元素测定精密度(n=6,RSD≤6.0%),浸出稀土元素总量测定RSD≤4.0%。实际样品的实验及测定结果满意。     

离子色谱的抑制系统及相关技术的发展

抑制系统是抑制型(双柱型)离子色谱系统极为重要的一个组成部分,也是离子色谱有别于其它类型的液相色谱的最重要特点之一。抑制器的发展经历了多个发展时期,而目前商品化的离子色谱仪亦分别采用不同形式的抑制手段。近年来,还发展了一些特殊的辅助抑制器,如接在抑制器后面CO2除去装置,用于提高被测离子的信号或进一步降低背景电导值。     

紫外分光光度法测定硫酸中的氮氧化物

建立了使用紫外分光光度法测定硫酸中氮氧化物的方法。利用高锰酸钾将试样中的亚硝酸根氧化成硝酸根,然后在硫酸(30%)介质中,于210nm波长处定量测定试样中氮氧化物的含量。方法检出限为0.0000075%,线性相关系数(r)为0.999 0,平均加标回收率为97.2%~102.8%,平均相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.9%~3.1%。方法灵敏度高、检出限低,操作简便、成本低,可应用于蓄电池电解液中氮氧化合物的检测。     

一种基于丹磺酰胺染料的高选择性汞(Ⅱ)离子荧光探针

对人类健康和社会环境而言,汞离子被认为是毒性最大的金属离子之一.本文设计、合成了一种新型基于丹磺酰胺染料的荧光探针,并研究了其对金属阳离子的识别性质.研究结果表明:该荧光探针在水溶液中,对汞离子具有高度的选择性和良好的灵敏度,且不受其它金属阳离子的干扰.该探针对汞离子的检测限可以达到2.1×10-8 mol/L.该探针极低的检测限和良好的水溶性表明其可用于活细胞中检测汞离子.生物成像实验证实该探针具有良好的细胞膜透性和生物相容性.     

Molten Ag2SO4‐based Ion‐Exchange Preparation of Ag0.5La0.5TiO3 for Photocatalytic O2 Evolution

Ag_0.5La_0.5TiO₃ with an ABO₃ perovskite structure was synthesized by a newly developed ion‐exchange method. Molten Ag₂SO₄ instead of traditional molten AgNO₃ was used as Ag⁺ source in view of its high decomposition temperature (1052 °C), thereby guaranteeing the complete substitution of Ag⁺ for Na⁺ in Na_0.5La_0.5TiO₃ with a stable ABO₃ perovskite structure at a high ion‐exchange temperature (700 °C). Under full‐arc irradiation, the O₂‐evolution activity of Ag_0.5La_0.5TiO₃ was about 1.6 times that of Na_0.5La_0.5TiO₃ due to the optimized electronic band structures and local lattice structures. On the one hand, the substitution of Ag⁺ for Na⁺ elevated the VBM and thus narrowed the band gap from 3.19 to 2.83 eV, thereby extending the light‐response range and, accordingly, enhancing the photoexcitation to generate more charge carriers. On the other hand, the substitution of Ag⁺ for Na⁺ induced a lattice distortion of the ABO₃ perovskite structure, thereby promoting the separation and migration of charge carriers. Moreover, under visible‐light irradiation, Ag_0.5La_0.5TiO₃ displayed notable O₂ evolution whereas Na_0.5La_0.5TiO₃ showed little O₂ evolution, thus demonstrating that the substitution of Ag⁺ for Na⁺ enabled the use of visible light to evolve O₂ photocatalytically. This work presents an effective route to explore novel Ag‐based photocatalysts.     

离子色谱法测定乳粉中的高氯酸盐

建立了乳粉中痕量高氯酸盐的固相萃取离子色谱分析方法。在碱性条件下,乙腈提取、浓缩,0.22μm尼龙滤膜+RP柱净化,AS20阴离子分析柱(150mm×4.0mm)分离,流动相为氢氧化钠溶液(30~70mmol/L),流速1.0mL/min。结果表明,高氯酸盐在0.4~20μg/L内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数0.999 8,样品检出限20μg/kg,加标回收率在77.2%~108%。测定了41个乳粉中的高氯酸盐含量,高氯酸盐检出率为31.7%。对质监部门用来检测乳粉中高氯酸盐的方法是一个补充,为食品安全提供了参考数据。